Artificial intelligence is known by the acronym (AI), and it refers to the programming of machines to be able to simulate human intelligence so that they can think like humans and imitate their actions, and this term is given to every machine capable of displaying characteristics similar to the characteristics of the human mind such as learning and the ability to solve problems, and intelligence Artificial intelligence is characterized by its ability to choose the best measures to achieve a specific goal with the best possible opportunity, and it also has the feature of machine learning, as programs inside computers can learn from new data entered into them, which is very large amounts of unstructured data such as: text, images or video, It then adapts this data automatically without human assistance.
It is worth noting that the term artificial intelligence was first used in the mid-1950s by researcher John McCarthy at Stanford University.
The history of artificial intelligence: Here are the stages that artificial intelligence has gone through:
- The idea of inventing inanimate things resembling intelligent living organisms began a long time ago, as the ancient Greeks had myths about robots, and Chinese and Egyptian engineers built a robot.
- Classical philosophers described human thinking as similar to a symbolic system, hence the idea of artificial intelligence began to appear.
- The term artificial intelligence appeared in 1956 at a conference at Dartmouth College in Hanover.
- Interest in the field of artificial intelligence decreased and the proportion of government funding for it decreased in the period between 1974-1980, due to the emergence of many reports that criticized progress in this field, and this period was called the winter of artificial intelligence.
- The British government began funding the field of artificial intelligence in the 1980s and it has rebounded to rival the efforts of the Japanese.
- The winter period for this field returned in the period 1987-1993 AD due to the decrease in government funding again, and due to a collapse in the computer market.
- The chess computer, Deep Blue, manufactured by IBM, defeated the Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, and the field began to revive again.
- The computer system Watson won the title in the 2011 (Watson) competition (Jeopardy).
- The Turing Test, the Eugene Gustmann speaking computer program, was able to fool the judges into believing that he was a real human being. The Turing Test is a competition to assess whether a machine is intelligent or not. It was developed in the 1950s by British mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing.
- Many experts believed that the Turing test was not an accurate measure of AI, so some considered developing an updated version of it.
- The field of artificial intelligence has become a wide field that is not only interested in inventing a machine that simulates human intelligence, but has become even larger than that.
The importance of artificial intelligence:
The importance of artificial intelligence lies in its ability to add great value to many sectors around the world, and gives companies a great competitive advantage, and here is part of its importance:
- Health Care: Artificial intelligence is used in the field of health care in areas that lack a health care system. Advanced, whereby AI-based applications can identify potential epidemics early, diagnose them through imaging, and treat them.
- Agriculture: AI addresses the challenges faced by agriculture from the excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers and fungicides, the inability to predict demand for products, and the lack of adequate irrigation of crops, as it improves crop production through its ability to detect the presence of pests, forecast crop prices and provide advice Helpful at the right time.
- Transportation: AI is used to assist the driver with monitoring, and improve traffic management and deliveries.
- Retail: Applications using artificial intelligence continuously improve the user experience in purchasing products, by providing personalized suggestions, browser searches and looking at products through images, and are used to predict customer demand, improve inventory management and effectively manage delivery .
- Energy: It is used to efficiently balance and store energy in renewable energy systems. This also includes the use of smart meters to improve the affordability of solar energy.
- Manufacturing: It is used in the development of technical systems used to make them adaptable, flexible, able to make smart decisions in unexpected situations and respond to them, and can be applied in the field of engineering, supply chain management, production and maintenance, quality assurance, and warehousing in warehouses.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:
Here are some of the disadvantages of artificial intelligence:
- The cost of implementing it is very high.
- The process of developing software that implements artificial intelligence is very slow, due to the lack of skilled programmers to do so, in addition to its high cost.
- One of the causes of unemployment, due to robots that perform jobs, which is one of the applications of artificial intelligence.
- Causes great danger to humans if it is used incorrectly or one of its machines is placed in the wrong hands.
- Sometimes killing, through the use of automatic weapons, which are artificial intelligence systems, and it can also reach the occurrence of an artificial intelligence war, which leads to heavy losses, as humans may lose control of it and be difficult for them to stop it.
- The use of artificial intelligence is a dangerous and wrong way to achieve a certain goal, and this happens when the work of artificial intelligence does not match the human goal, for example, a sharply intelligent system may be programmed to implement a geological project and may result in a dangerous side effect in the ecosystem, as these applications are not implemented What the person wants, but literally implement what he asks of her.
